Definition of armed conflict given by appeals chamber of the international criminal tribunal1/2/2024 ![]() ![]() The original four conventions were followed by Additional Protocols I and II on June 8, 1977. 3 1949Īugust 12, 1949: Led by the International Committee of the Red Cross, a Diplomatic Conference in Geneva, Switzerland adopted the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Despite these early efforts, the General Assembly postponed considering the question, and the Cold War prevented further development of international criminal law for several decades. The Commission concluded that such a judicial organ was both possible and desirable, and a subsequent committee drafted statutes in 19. ![]() Following the adoption of the Convention, the General Assembly invited the International Law Commission to explore the possibility of establishing an international judicial organ to try those charged with genocide. 2 1948ĭecember 9, 1948: The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which called for perpetrators of genocide to be tried before international penal tribunals. ![]() Among other principles, these trials confirmed that individuals could be held criminally responsible for international crimes, regardless of official position, and that superiors’ orders were not a full defense to criminal behavior. 1 1945-1946įollowing World War II, the Allies set up the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals to try German and Japanese war leaders, respectively. The United States and its Allies signed the Moscow Declaration of 1943 and the Potsdam Declaration of 1945, which discussed the need to punish war crimes committed by German and Japanese governments respectively. ![]()
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